Diagnosing gastrointestinal illnesses using fecal headspace volatile organic compounds
頂空分析糞便揮發性有機物診斷胃腸道疾病
Daniel K Chan, Cadman L Leggett, Kenneth K Wang
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from stool are the components of the smell of stool representing the end products of microbial activity and metabolism that can be used to diagnose disease. Despite the abundance of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane that have already been identified in human flatus, the small portion of trace gases making up the VOCs emitted from stool include organic acids, alcohols, esters, heterocyclic compounds, aldehydes, ketones, and alkanes, among others. These are the gases that vary among individuals in sickness and in health, in dietary changes, and in gut microbial activity. Electronicnose devices are analytical and pattern recognition platforms that can utilize mass spectrometry or electrochemical sensors to detect these VOCs in gas samples. When paired with machine-learning and pattern recognition algorithms, this can identify patterns of VOCs, and thus patterns of smell, that can be used to identify disease states. In this review, we provide a clinical background of VOC identification, electronicnose development, and review gastroenterology applications toward diagnosing disease by the volatile
headspace analysis of stool.
從糞便中釋放的揮發性有機化合物 (VOC) 是糞便氣味的組成部分,代表微生物活性和代謝的終產物,可用于診斷疾病。盡管人類已經發現了大量的氫、二氧化碳和甲烷,但糞便中排放的微量氣體中,有一小部分包括有機酸、酒精、酯類、雜環狀化合物、醛、酮,和烷,等等。這些氣體在疾病和健康、飲食變化和腸道微生物活性方面因人而異。電子鼻是分析和模式識別平臺,可以利用質譜或電化學傳感器檢測氣體樣品中的 VOC。當與機器學習和模式識別算法配對時,這可以識別 VOC 的模式,從而識別可用于識別疾病狀態的嗅覺模式。在本綜述中,我們提供 VOC 鑒定、電子鼻開發以及胃腸病學應用的臨床背景,以頂空分析診斷揮發性疾病。
Keywords:Electronic nose; Volatile organic compounds; Feces; Mass spectrometry; Odors
