Volatile Organic Compounds as Biomarkers of Gastrointestinal Diseases and Nutritional Status
揮發(fā)性有機化合物作為胃腸道疾病和營養(yǎng)狀況的生物標記
Mariangela Rondanelli ,1,2 Federica Perdoni,3 Vittoria Infantino,4 Milena Anna Faliva,3
Gabriella Peroni ,3 Giancarlo Iannello,5 Mara Nichetti,3 Tariq A. Alalwan,6 Simone Perna ,6 and Clementina Cocuzza 7
1IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia 27100, Italy
2Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
3Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
4Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70121, Italy
5General Management, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, Pavia 27100, Italy
6Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus P.O. Box 32038, Zallaq, Bahrain
7Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano 20126, Italy
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to identify the best solution for rapid and noninvasive diagnosis and long-term monitoring of patients affected by inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases, colon and gastric cancer, obesity in correlation to diet, and breast milk to evaluate exposure to VOCs in women and infants.
本綜述的目的是確定快速無創(chuàng)診斷和長期監(jiān)測炎癥性胃腸疾病、結腸癌和胃癌、與飲食相關的肥胖和母乳患者的解決方案，以評估婦女和嬰兒接觸揮發(fā)性有機化合物的情況。
Methods.is review included 20 previously published eligible studies. VOC analysis has allowed us to highlight differences in lifestyles, intestinal microbiota, and metabolism. New innovative methods have been described that allow the detection and quantification of a broad spectrum of metabolites present in exhaled breath even at very low levels, some of which have been shown to be indicators of pathological conditions.
審查包括20項先前發(fā)表的合格研究。揮發(fā)性有機化合物分析使我們能夠突出生活方式、腸道微生物群和新陳代謝的差異。已經(jīng)描述了新的創(chuàng)新方法，允許檢測和量化呼氣中的廣泛代謝物，即使在非常低的水平，其中一些已被證明是病理條件的指標。
Results.Five studies were analyzed that involved VOC analysis in relation to type of diet. All of them showed that the type of diet can have an impact on metabolites excreted and therefore can be a useful tool in the nutritional studies related to metabolism and health and disease status. Two studies concerned VOC analysis in inflammatory bowel diseases, and the results showed that VOCs can distinguish active disease from remission; VOC profile is clearly different in patients. In particular, C15H30 1-pentadecene, 3-methyl-1-butanal, octane, acetic acid, alpha-pinene, and m-cymene are elevated in active ulcerative colitis. Four studies examined VOCs in gastric and colorectal tumors showing a change in metabolic biomarkers of cancer patients compared to the control group. Finally, the study of VOCs in breast milk has improved the understanding of the potential health risks of exposure of children to chemical pollutants. Conclusions. VOC analysis allowed to highlight differences in behavior, lifestyle, and metabolism of individuals. Analytical methods are continuously developed to allow for better detection and quantification of metabolites, thus enabling the detection of a broader spectrum of pathophysiology and disease biomarkers.
五項研究分析了與飲食類型相關的揮發(fā)性有機化合物分析。所有這些結果都表明，飲食類型對代謝產物的排泄有影響，因此可以作為營養(yǎng)研究中與代謝、健康和疾病狀況相關的有用工具。兩項研究涉及炎癥性腸病的VOC分析，結果表明VOCs可以區(qū)分活動性腸病和緩解性腸?。换颊叩腣OC譜明顯不同。尤其是，在活動性潰瘍性結腸炎中，C15H30 1-戊烯、3-甲基-1-丁醛、辛烷、乙酸、α-蒎烯和間-聚傘烯含量升高。四項研究檢測了胃和結腸腫瘤中的揮發(fā)性有機化合物，顯示癌癥患者的代謝生物標志物與對照組相比發(fā)生了變化。后，對母乳中揮發(fā)性有機化合物的研究提高了人們對兒童接觸化學污染物的潛在健康風險的認識。結論。VOC分析可以突出個體在行為、生活方式和新陳代謝方面的差異。分析方法不斷發(fā)展，以便更好地檢測和量化代謝物，從而能夠檢測更廣泛的病理生理學和疾病生物標志物。
