電子鼻分析揮發性有機物用于膀胱癌無創檢測的初步研究
HENDRIK HEERS¹, JOSEF MAXIMILIAN GUT¹, AXEL HEGELE¹, RAINER HOFMANN¹,
TOBIAS BOESELT², AKIRA HATTESOHL² and ANDREAS REMBERT KOCZULLA²
¹Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology,Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany;
²Department of Pulmonology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany

Abstract.

Background/Aim: Cystoscopy, the standard diagnostic for bladder tumors, is uncomfortable, invasive, and expensive. The available urine-based marker systems all
lack accuracy. Measuring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from urine is a promising alternative. This pilot study evaluates the feasibility of discriminating bladder cancer patients’ urine from healthy controls with an electronic nose.

*檢查，膀胱腫瘤的標準診斷，是不舒服，侵入性、昂貴的?？捎玫哪蛞簶擞浵到y都缺乏準確性。測量尿液中的揮發性有機化合物(VOC)是一種很有前途的選擇。該試點研究評估了用電子鼻鑒別膀胱癌患者尿液和健康對照的可行性。

Materials and Methods: Headspace measurements of urine samples of 30 patients with confirmed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and 30 healthy controls were performed with Cyranose 320 calculating Mahalanobis distance and linear discriminant analysis. Histology reports following TUR-BT were correlated with urine findings.

采用Cyranose 320計算Mahalanobis距離和線性判別分析，對30例確診的移行細胞癌(TCC)和30例健康對照的尿樣進行頂空測量。TUR-BT后的組織學報告與尿液檢查結果相關。

Results: After storage at –20°C, Cyranose correctly detected 28/30 already confirmed TCC samples and 26/30 healthy controls (p<0.01), sensitivity 93.3%, specificity 86.7%. Storage at –80°C led to similar results: 28/30 tumor samples and 28/30 control samples were correctly allocated; sensitivity and specificity both 93.3%.

在-20°C儲存后，Cyranose正確檢測到28/30已證實的TCC樣本和26/30健康對照(p <0.01)，敏感性為93.3%，特異性為86.7%。在-80℃下儲存導致類似的結果：28/30腫瘤樣品和28/30對照樣品被正確分配; 敏感性和特異性均為93.3%。

Conclusion:VOC detection is a promising tool to detect bladder tumors. Further research will test against possible confounders like bacteriuria.

VOC檢測是檢測膀胱腫瘤的有效工具。進一步的研究將測試可能的混雜因素，如菌尿。

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電子鼻分析揮發性有機物用于膀胱癌無創檢測的初步研究

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