Pre- and Postharvest Factors Control the Disease Incidence of Superficial Scald in the New Fire Blight Tolerant Apple Variety “Ladina”
采前采后處理措施對抗火病新品種Ladina蘋果淺層燙傷發病的控制
Laura Juliana Dällenbach 1, Thomas Eppler 2, Simone Bühlmann-Schütz 1, Markus Kellerhals 1, Andreas Bühlmann 2,*
1 Agroscope, Strategic Research Division Plant Breeding, Müller-Thurgaustr 29, CH-8820 Wädenswil,
Switzerland; laura.daellenbach@bluewin.ch (L.J.D.);
simone.buehlmann-schuetz@agroscope.admin.ch (S.B.-S.); markus.kellerhals@agroscope.admin.ch (M.K.)
2 Agroscope, Competence Division Plants and Plant Products, Müller-Thurgaustr 29, CH-8820 Wädenswil,
Switzerland; thomas.eppler@agroscope.admin.ch
* Correspondence: andreas.buehlmann@agroscope.admin.ch; .: +41-58-460-64-24; : +41-58-460-63-41
Received: 11 February 2020; Accepted: 22 March 2020; Published: 27 March 2020
Abstract:
Superficial scald is a physiological disorder that develops during cold storage aecting apples and causes substantial market losses. Malus domestica cv. Ladina, a new scab resistant and fire blight tolerant variety, commercialized in 2012, shows a physiological disorder similar to superficial scald after storage. Here, we used dierent pre- and postharvest approaches to characterize the occurrence of these superficial scald symptoms in Malus domestica cv. Ladina. Over a period of seven years, fruits from multiple orchards were stored for five to seven months and the occurrence of superficial scald was assessed in fruits after cold storage and controlled atmosphere (CA) storage. Apples picked at dierent stages of ripeness within the same year diered in superficial scald development. Additionally, superficial scald diered significantly between years and locations, strongly suggesting that maturity at harvest, weather during the growing season, and orchard management play important roles in scald occurrence. Treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) after harvest, and storage in a dynamically controlled atmosphere (DCA) significantly reduced the occurrence of superficial scald, whereas storage under ultralow oxygen concentrations (ULO) showed mild but not significant eects. Low calcium concentrations in the fruit flesh and peel were associated with stronger superficial scald occurrence.
淺表燙傷是蘋果在冷藏過程中發生的一種生理性疾病，造成了巨大的市場損失。2012年商品化的抗赤霉病和抗火疫病新品種Ladina，表現出與貯藏后淺表燙傷相似的生理障礙。在這里，我們使用不同的采前和采后方法來描述這些淺表燙傷癥狀的發生。在7年的時間里，對多個果園的果實進行了5-7個月的貯藏，并對冷藏和氣調貯藏后果實表面燙傷的發生情況進行了評估。同一年內不同成熟期采摘的蘋果在淺表燙傷發育過程中脫落。此外，淺表燙傷在不同年份和地點間的差異顯著，強烈表明收獲成熟度、生長季節的天氣和果園管理對燙傷的發生起著重要作用。采后用1-甲基環丙烯(1-MCP)處理，在動態控制氣氛(DCA)下貯藏，可顯著減少淺表燙傷的發生，而超低氧濃度(ULO)下貯藏則表現出輕微但不顯著的效果。果肉和果皮中的低鈣濃度與較嚴重的淺表燙傷有關。
Keywords: apple variety; storage; physiological disorder; dynamic controlled atmosphere storage; 1-methylcyclopropene treatment; ultralow oxygen storage; X-ray fluorescence
關鍵詞：蘋果品種,貯藏,生理失調,動態氣調貯藏,1-MCP處理,超低氧儲存,X射線熒光
