Long-term agronomical performance and iron chlorosis susceptibility of several Prunus rootstocks grown under loamy and calcareous soil conditions

壤土和堿性土壤條件下幾種李砧木的長(zhǎng)期農(nóng)藝性狀和鐵黃化敏感性
Gemma Reig^a,*, Xavier Garanto^a, Neus Mas^a, Ignasi Iglesias^b
a IRTA Fruitcentre, PCiTAL, Park of Gardeny, Fruitcentre Building, 25003, Lleida, Spain
^b Agromillora Group, Pl. Manuel Raventós, 3-5, 08770, St. Sadurni d’Anoia, Spain

A B S T R A C T
The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance (vigor, yield, yield efficiency, number of root suckers), fruit quality (fruit weight, fruit size, flesh firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity), leaf and fruit mineral nutrition (macro and micro elements), leaf chlorophyll concentration and iron chlorosis susceptibility of ‘Big Top’ nectarine c*r grafted on 20 Prunus rootstocks and grown in loamy and calcareous soil under the hot climate conditions of the Ebro river basin (Spain). After the 10 years of the study (at 11th leaf), statistical analysis showed significant differences among rootstocks for most of the traits evaluated. Based on vigor and cumulative yield, ‘Big Top’ trees from Padac 04-03 rootstock were found to be the most vigorous and productive, followed by Castore, GF-677, Ishtara®, PS and Rootpac® 70. However, the most efficient rootstocks were Controller 5, Adesoto® 101, Rootpac® 40, Krymsk® 1, Ishtara®, Penta, IRTA-1, Polluce, and Padac-150. ‘Big Top’ fruits from Rootpac® 40 had the highest fruit weight and fruit size (> 70 mm), with good soluble solids content and titratable acidity, but less firmness than the other ‘Big Top’ fruits. After 3 months with no application of chelate, chlorosis symptoms were visible in most of the trees, with those from Krymsk® 1 and PS showing the highest susceptibility. In contrast, AD-105, Adesoto® 101, Cadaman®, GF-677, Padac-150, Rootpac® 40 and Tetra were the least susceptible rootstocks. Controller 5, IRTA-1, Padac-04.03 and Penta had moderate susceptibility. In conclusion, Rootpac® 40, Ishtara®, IRTA-1 and Padac-150 may represent a good compromise between canopy size control, yield, yield efficiency, fruit size, and susceptibility to iron chlorosis.

本研究的目的是評(píng)估農(nóng)藝性狀(活力、產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)量效率、根吸盤數(shù))、果實(shí)品質(zhì)(果實(shí)重量、果實(shí)大小、果肉硬度、可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸度)、葉片和果實(shí)礦質(zhì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)(宏觀和微觀元素)，在西班牙埃布羅河流域炎熱氣候條件下，20個(gè)李砧嫁接的“大頂”油桃品種在壤土和石灰性土壤中的葉片葉綠素濃度和鐵黃化敏感性。經(jīng)過(guò)10年的研究(在第11葉)，統(tǒng)計(jì)分析表明，大多數(shù)性狀在砧木間有顯著差異。從活力和累積產(chǎn)量來(lái)看，Padac 04-03砧木的“大頂”樹活力和產(chǎn)量，其次是蓖麻、GF-677、Ishtara®和Rootpac®70。然而，效的砧木是Controller 5、Adesoto®101、Rootpac®40、Krymsk®1、Ishtara®、Penta、IRTA-1、Polluce和Padac-150。Rootpac®40的“大頂”果實(shí)重量和果實(shí)大小大(>70mm)，可溶性固形物含量和可滴定酸度良好，但硬度低于其他“大頂”果實(shí)。在未施用螯合劑的3個(gè)月后，大多數(shù)樹木都出現(xiàn)了黃化癥狀，Krymsk®1和PS的樹木表現(xiàn)出的敏感性。相比之下，AD-105、Adesoto®101、Cadaman®、GF-677、Padac-150、Rootpac®40和Tetra是不敏感的砧木。控制器5、IRTA-1、Padac-04.03和Penta的敏感性中等。總之，Rootpac®40、Ishtara®IRTA-1和Padac-150可能是冠層大小控制、產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)量效率、果實(shí)大小和鐵黃化易感性之間的良好折衷。

Keywords:Yield production，F(xiàn)ruit quality，Chlorophyll concentration，Mineral elements，Iron chlorosis

關(guān)鍵詞：產(chǎn)量、果實(shí)品質(zhì)、葉綠素濃度、礦質(zhì)元素、鐵黃化