EFFECTS OF PREHARVEST DEFICIT IRRIGATION TREATMENTS IN COMBINATION WITH REDUCED NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON ORCHARD PERFORMANCE OF NECTARINE WITH EMPHASIS ON POSTHARVEST DISEASES AND PRUNING WEIGHTS
采前虧缺灌溉與氮肥減量配施對(duì)油桃采后病害及修剪質(zhì)量的影響
Ersin Atay1,3, Bruno Hucbourg2, Aurore Drevet2, Pierre-Éric Lauri3
1Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Food Agriculture and Livestock School, Department of Crop and Livestock Production, Horticulture Programme, Burdur, Turkey
2GRCETA de Basse Durance, Extension service, Route de Molleges, 13210, St Remy de Provence, France
3SYSTEM, Univ Montpellier, INRA, Cirad, Montpellier SupAgro, CIHEAM-IAMM, Montpellier, France
ABSTRACT
Fruit production should be adapted to future scenarios that are frequently associated with scarce resources, especially freshwater and fertilizers. New biologically-based fruit production strategies, i.e. taking into ac-count tree growth and water status, are required to optimize irrigation and fertilization under abiotic stress conditions. It was hypothesized that a moderate abiotic stress, here deficit irrigation with or without nitro-gen deficit, in the preharvest period, could decrease postharvest losses due to diseases and pruning weights due to reduced vegetative growth, without sacrificing the yield and fruit quality. This study was conducted over two years using the same trees of ‘Moncante’ nectarine c*r grown in a commercial orchard. Trees were assigned to three treatments: (1) full irrigation at 80% estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc), (2) deficit irrigation, i.e. at 75% of full irrigation, and (3) deficit irrigation and deficit nitrogen, i.e. at 75% of full irrigation and 75% of usual N-fertilization adopted by the grower in this commercial orchard. Deficit ir-rigation alone and in combination with deficit nitrogen reduced postharvest diseases and pruning weights without significant yield losses. Our results suggest that ETc-based approaches of reduced water irrigation may be a sustainable way to decrease phytosanitary inputs and workload in the orchard while maintaining the orchard performance.
水果生產(chǎn)應(yīng)適應(yīng)未來經(jīng)常與稀缺資源，特別是淡水和肥料有關(guān)的情況。在非生物脅迫條件下，為了優(yōu)化灌溉和施肥，需要新的以生物為基礎(chǔ)的水果生產(chǎn)策略，即考慮ac計(jì)數(shù)樹的生長和水分狀況。據(jù)推測(cè)，在采前時(shí)期，適度的非生物脅迫，無論是否存在氮源虧缺，都可以在不犧牲產(chǎn)量和果實(shí)質(zhì)量的前提下，減少因病害和因營養(yǎng)生長減少而修剪重量造成的采后損失。這項(xiàng)研究是用在一個(gè)商業(yè)果園中種植的‘Moncante’油桃品種的同一棵樹進(jìn)行的，歷時(shí)兩年。喬木被分為三個(gè)處理：(1)以80%的估計(jì)作物蒸散量(ETc)進(jìn)行充分灌溉；(2)以75%的充分灌溉進(jìn)行虧缺灌溉；(3)以75%的充分灌溉和75%的常規(guī)施肥進(jìn)行虧缺灌溉和虧缺施氮。單施虧缺灌溉和聯(lián)合施虧缺氮降低了采后病害和修剪重量，但沒有顯著的產(chǎn)量損失。我們的結(jié)果表明，基于ETc的節(jié)水灌溉方法可能是一種在保持果園性能的同時(shí)減少果園植物檢疫投入和工作量的可持續(xù)方法。
Key words: climate change, drought, fruit shelf-life, Monilinia sp., picking time, tree water status
關(guān)鍵詞：氣候變化、干旱、果實(shí)貨架期、Monilinia sp.、采摘時(shí)間、樹木水分狀況
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